Lub UK yog thawj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua kom tiav zero-coal fais fab tuag, thiab nws tseem yog tib lub teb chaws uas tau ua tiav kev hloov los ntawm loj-scale thee-fired fais fab nroj tsuag nrog biomass-coupled fais fab tuag mus rau loj-scale thee- hluav taws xob fais fab nroj tsuag nrog 100% ntshiab biomass roj.

Hauv 2019, qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv UK tau raug txo los ntawm 42.06% hauv 2012 rau tsuas yog 1.9%. Kev tuav pov hwm tam sim no ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob feem ntau yog vim qhov kev hloov pauv ruaj khov thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm daim phiaj, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob biomass tau mus txog 6.25% (Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob biomass tus nqi yog kwv yees li 0.6%). Xyoo 2020, tsuas muaj ob lub chaw hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (West Burton thiab Ratcliffe) sab laug hauv UK kom txuas ntxiv siv thee ua roj rau kev tsim hluav taws xob. Hauv kev npaj ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob British, biomass fais fab tuag yuav suav txog 16% yav tom ntej.

1. Keeb kwm ntawm biomass-coupled fais fab tuag nyob rau hauv UK

Xyoo 1989, UK tau tshaj tawm Txoj Cai Hluav Taws Xob (Electricity Act of 1989), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab nkag ntawm Noe-Fossil Fuel Obligatio (NFFO) rau hauv Txoj Cai Hluav Taws Xob, UK maj mam muaj cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv txhawb nqa thiab rau txim rau lub zog tsim. NFFO yuav tsum tau los ntawm txoj cai lij choj kom xav tau UK cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob los muab qee feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab lossis nuclear zog (tsis yog fossil zog tsim hluav taws xob).

Nyob rau xyoo 2002, Txoj Cai Rov Ntxiv Dua Tshiab (RO) tau hloov pauv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (Non-fossil Fuel Obligation (NFFO). Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, RO tsis suav nrog lub zog hluav taws xob nuclear, thiab cov teeb meem Rov Ntxiv Cov Cai Lij Choj (ROCs) (Ceeb Toom: sib npaug rau Tuam Tshoj Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ntsuab) rau hluav taws xob muab los ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab los tswj thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab qee feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Daim ntawv pov thawj ROCs tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm cov chaw muab hluav taws xob, thiab cov tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj lub zog txuas ntxiv los tsim hluav taws xob yuav yog yuav ntau tshaj ROCs los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab tsim hluav taws xob lossis raug nplua nyiaj ntau dua rau tsoomfwv. Thaum xub thawj, ib qho ROC sawv cev ib txhiab degrees ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Los ntawm xyoo 2009, ROC yuav hloov tau yooj yim dua hauv kev ntsuas raws li ntau hom kev siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv dua tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsoomfwv Askiv tau tshaj tawm Txoj Cai Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob hauv xyoo 2001, uas muab nyiaj pab rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cog qoob loo, xws li cov nroj tsuag muaj zog thiab cov nyom dag zog.

Xyoo 2004, Tebchaws Askiv tau txais cov cai tswjfwm kev lag luam los txhawb cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj loj los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob biomass-coupled thiab siv roj biomass los ntsuas cov nyiaj pab. Qhov no zoo ib yam li qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, tab sis txawv ntawm kuv lub tebchaws cov nyiaj pab rau biomass fais fab tuag.

Xyoo 2012, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm biomass tob zuj zus, biomass-coupled fais fab tuag hauv tebchaws United Kingdom tau hloov mus rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj loj uas hlawv 100% roj biomass ntshiab.

2. Technical route

Raws li cov kev paub dhau los thiab cov lus qhia ntawm biomass-coupled fais fab tuag nyob teb chaws Europe ua ntej 2000, lub tebchaws United Kingdom lub biomass-coupled fais fab tuag tau tag nrho cov saws ncaj combustion coupling technology txoj kev. Txij thaum pib, nws luv luv tau txais thiab muab pov tseg sai tshaj plaws biomass thiab thee sib koom. Lub thee zeb (Co-Milling thee zeb coupling), mus rau biomass ncaj qha combustion coupling fais fab tiam technology ntawm thee-fired fais fab nroj tsuag, tag nrho txais yuav Co-Feeding coupling technology los yog Dedicated burner furnace coupling technology. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis tau hloov kho tshiab no kuj tau tsim cov chaw khaws cia, pub mis, thiab cov chaw pub mis rau cov roj biomass sib txawv, xws li cov khib nyiab ua liaj ua teb, cov qoob loo, thiab pov tseg hav zoov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj-loj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cog hluav taws xob biomass-coupled fais fab kev hloov pauv tseem tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha siv cov boilers uas twb muaj lawm, chav turbine generators, qhov chaw thiab lwm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, cov neeg ua haujlwm cog hluav taws xob, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tu qauv, kab sib chaws thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. ., uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov chaw siv tau zoo Nws kuj zam kev nqis peev siab hauv lub zog tshiab thiab kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Nws yog tus qauv kev lag luam tshaj plaws rau kev hloov pauv lossis ib nrab hloov ntawm cov thee mus rau biomass fais fab tuag.

3. Ua qhov project

Xyoo 2005, lub tshuab hluav taws xob biomass-coupled hauv tebchaws United Kingdom tau mus txog 2.533 billion kWh, suav txog 14.95% ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab. Hauv 2018 thiab 2019, biomass hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob hauv UK tau tshaj qhov tsim hluav taws xob thee. Ntawm lawv, nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Drax fais fab nroj tsuag tau muab ntau tshaj 13 billion kWh ntawm biomass fais fab rau peb xyoos sib law liag.